Screenplay formatting is one of the most critical aspects of writing a script. It’s more than just a set of arbitrary rules—it’s the industry standard that ensures scripts are presented in a readable, accessible, and consistent manner. Whether you’re a budding screenwriter or an experienced creator, understanding the right format is essential for making a professional impression. This guide will walk you through the process of formatting a screenplay correctly, covering all the key elements that contribute to a polished, professional document.
1. Script Formatting Basics
A screenplay is typically formatted using specific conventions that dictate how the story is presented on the page. This is done in a way that guides directors, actors, producers, and other professionals in visualizing the story. It’s crucial to adhere to these conventions to avoid confusion and present your work in the best light.
Key elements of screenplay format include:
- Font: The standard font used is 12-point Courier (or Courier New). This is a monospaced font where each character takes up the same amount of space, making it easier for people to estimate the length of the script.
- Page size: The standard page size is 8.5 x 11 inches, in landscape orientation (US Letter format).
- Margins: The margins should be set as follows:
- Top: 1 inch
- Bottom: 1 inch
- Left: 1.5 inches (to leave room for binding)
- Right: 1 inch
- Line spacing: The text should be single-spaced, with a 1.5-inch gap between scene headings.
2. Script Structure and Length
A screenplay typically follows a three-act structure, which includes a setup, confrontation, and resolution. It can range from 90 to 120 pages for most feature-length films. On average, one page of a screenplay equals roughly one minute of screen time, which means you should expect a 100-120 page screenplay to translate to a 90-120 minute film.
3. Elements of a Screenplay
Let’s dive into the specific components that make up a screenplay.
a. Scene Heading (Slugline)
Each scene begins with a scene heading, also known as a slugline, which provides key information about the setting.
Format:
- EXT. (exterior) or INT. (interior) — to specify whether the scene is inside or outside.
- Location — a brief description of the location (e.g., “OFFICE” or “CITY STREET”).
- Time of Day — usually either DAY or NIGHT, but specific times like “MORNING” or “EVENING” can be used for more precision.
Example:
EXT. CITY PARK – DAY
b. Action
After the scene heading, you’ll write the action description. This tells us what’s happening in the scene, and it’s crucial to keep it concise and visual—since screenplays are blueprints for movies, this section should describe what is seen and heard on the screen, not what’s felt or thought by the characters.
Action tips:
- Use the present tense.
- Keep descriptions short and to the point—no long paragraphs.
- Avoid camera directions (unless specifically needed).
- Only describe what can be seen or heard.
Example:
A WOMAN, late 30s, walks briskly through the park. She glances nervously over her shoulder, scanning the area.
c. Character Names
Character names are always written in all caps the first time they appear in a scene, and then normally after that. When a character speaks, their name is placed in the center of the page above their dialogue.
Example:
JANE
(angrily)
I told you not to follow me!
d. Dialogue
Dialogue is the speech a character delivers in a scene. It should be positioned underneath the character’s name, indented from both the left and right margins.
Formatting tips for dialogue:
- Center the character’s name above the dialogue.
- Dialogue should be in standard sentence form (no quotes around it).
- Avoid too much narration or inner monologue unless it’s essential to the scene.
- Only include what the character would realistically say.
Example:
JANE
(crying)
You don’t understand. I can’t stay here anymore.
e. Parentheticals (Wrylies)
Parentheticals provide additional instructions about how a character should deliver their line. They are used sparingly and only when necessary to clarify a line’s tone or delivery.
Formatting:
- Parentheticals are placed beneath the character’s name and in parentheses.
- Keep them brief and don’t overuse them.
Example:
JANE
(whispering)
It’s too dangerous.
f. Transitions
Transitions are the instructions on how to move between scenes. The most common transitions are CUT TO:, DISSOLVE TO:, or FADE OUT. They should be placed in the right margin and are often used for major scene changes.
4. Important Rules to Keep in Mind
- Be concise: Keep descriptions brief, using only what’s needed to convey the scene. Avoid lengthy exposition.
- Write visually: Screenplays are meant to be seen, not read. Focus on the visual aspects of your scenes rather than internal thoughts or feelings.
- Limit camera directions: Only use camera directions when absolutely necessary for the story. Focus on what the characters see and hear.
- Don’t direct the actors: Let the actors interpret their lines and actions.
- Page count: A feature-length screenplay should be between 90 and 120 pages. A short film typically runs between 5 to 30 pages.
5. Software for Screenwriting
Using specialized screenwriting software is a great way to ensure that your formatting is correct. Many tools automatically format according to industry standards, saving you time and ensuring your script looks professional. Here are some of the most popular screenwriting software:
- Final Draft: The industry-standard software used by professionals, with features designed specifically for screenwriters.
- Celtx: A cloud-based screenwriting tool that offers collaboration features.
- Fade In: A robust screenwriting program that is cost-effective and user-friendly.
- WriterDuet: A collaborative tool for screenwriting, which is excellent for co-writing.
Formatting a professional screenplay might seem daunting at first, but once you understand the rules and conventions, it becomes second nature. Proper format is a way to show that you’re serious about your craft and know how the industry works. By following the tips and rules outlined above, you’ll be well on your way to presenting your screenplay in a professional manner, making it easier for industry professionals to read and understand your work.
